The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy: A Systematic Reconstruction

The Twenty-Five Years of Philosophy: A Systematic Reconstruction

Kant declared that philosophy began in 1781 with his Critique of Pure Reason. In 1806 Hegel announced that philosophy had now been completed. Eckart Förster examines the reasons behind these claims and […]


Hegel’s Conscience

Hegel’s Conscience

This book provides a new interpretation of the ethical theory of G.W.F. Hegel. The aim is not only to give a new interpretation for specialists in German Idealism, but also […]


Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise: A Critical Guide

Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise: A Critical Guide

Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise was published anonymously in 1670 and immediately provoked huge debate. Its main goal was to claim that the freedom of philosophizing can be allowed in a free […]


Evidence, Explanation, and Realism: Essays in Philosophy of Science

Evidence, Explanation, and Realism: Essays in Philosophy of Science

The essays in this volume address three fundamental questions in the philosophy of science: What is required for some fact to be evidence for a scientific hypothesis? What does it […]


The Routledge Companion to 19th Century Philosophy

The Routledge Companion to 19th Century Philosophy

The 19th century is a period of stunning philosophical originality, characterized by radical engagement with the emerging human sciences. Often overshadowed by 20th-century philosophy, which sought to reject some of […]


The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism

The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism

This volume offers a comprehensive survey of the main periods, schools, and individual proponents of scepticism in the ancient Greek and Roman world. The contributors examine the major developments chronologically […]


Sextus Empiricus: Against the Logicians

Sextus Empiricus: Against the Logicians

By far the most detailed surviving examination by any ancient Greek sceptic of epistemology and logic, this work critically reviews the pretensions of non-sceptical philosophers, to have discovered methods for […]


Scientific Evidence: Philosophical Theories and Applications

Scientific Evidence: Philosophical Theories and Applications

Physicists think they have discovered the top quark. Biologists believe in evolution. But what precisely constitutes evidence for such claims, and why? Scientists often disagree with one another over whether […]


Science Rules: A Historical Introduction to Scientific Methods

Science Rules: A Historical Introduction to Scientific Methods

Is there a universal set of rules for discovering and testing scientific hypotheses? Since the birth of modern science, philosophers, scientists, and other thinkers have wrestled with this fundamental question […]


The Book of Evidence

The Book of Evidence

What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis? In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and […]